Biogeochemical cycles is a fundamental concept and interdisciplinary research field within Earth system science and environmental studies. It systematically investigates the pathways, reservoirs, transformations, and fluxes of key chemical elements and compounds as they circulate through the biotic (biosphere) and abiotic (lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere) components of the Earth system. This concept is crucial for understanding ecosystem dynamics, nutrient availability, climate regulation, and the impacts of anthropogenic activities on planetary processes.